What device avoids inadvertent connection of normal power and emergency power?
The device that avoids the inadvertent connection (or paralleling) of normal (utility) power and emergency (generator) power is a transfer switch. Function and Types A transfer switch acts as the safe "gatekeeper" of an electrical system, ensuring that only one power source can feed the electrical load at any given time. This mechanism prevents hazardous backfeeding, where electricity from a generator could flow back into the utility lines, endangering utility workers who may be working to restore power during an outage. There are two primary types of transfer switches: Manual Transfer Switch (MTS): This type requires a person to physically operate a switch to disconnect the normal power source and then connect the emergency power source. These switches have a distinct "off" position between the two power sources to ensure a complete break before switching. Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS): This device constantly monitors the normal power supply. When an outage or a power quality issue is detected, the ATS automatically disconnects the utility power and starts the emergency generator, then transfers the load to the generator. Once normal power is restored, it seamlessly switches the load back to the utility and shuts down the generator. Code Compliance According to electrical safety regulations, such as those referenced in the Canadian Electrical Code (CEC) (e.g., Rule 6-106 in Section 6), transfer equipment must be designed and installed to prevent the interconnection of multiple power sources in any operational mode. A reliable mechanical interlock is a key feature in the design of approved transfer switches to ensure this safety requirement is met.
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